Dna And The Criminal Justice System - 872 Words

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, otherwise known as DNA has played a crucial part in many investigations both past and present. It can be used to identify criminals when there is evidence left behind with incredible accuracy. DNA evidence is taken seriously enough that it can exonerate, or bring about a conviction. In Today’s society DNA evidence and technology is vital to the criminal justice system by ensuring accuracy and fairness. In 1984, Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered a new marker in the human genome. DNA is generally the same in all human beings with an exception to the â€Å"junk code† that is unique to every person. Junk DNA in investigations can usually be found in saliva, blood, skin tissues, semen, skin tissue, and hair. Jeffreys proved that even small fragments of DNA molecules were unique to an individual with the exception of monozygotic twins. Due to his discovery, many older and unsolved cases from the pre-DNA era are being re-opened and subjected to DNA testing with the hope of solving them. (Nelson, M. (2011) Due to the uniqueness of DNA it has become a powerful tool in criminal investigations as it can involve, or exempt a suspect. It can also be used to identify the remains of dead bodies through comparison with the DNA database. It can also be compared to other crime scene evidence so as to connect the crimes to a particular perpetrator whether it be local, countrywide, orShow MoreRelatedDna Profiling And The Criminal Justice System1372 Words   |  6 Pagesto use DNA profiling to match the semen to a suspect. Colin Pitchfork became the first person to be caught based on mass DNA screening, and the first to be convicted based on DNA profiling. The use of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) in the criminal justice system has greatly tipped the scales in favor of law enforcement, and changed the world that we live in. Court cases that in the past relied heavily on eye witness testimony and circumstantial evidence now have science to back them up. DNA analysisRead MoreDna Testing And The Criminal Justice System716 Words   |  3 PagesConvictions prior to the advancement of DNA testing in the criminal justice system were commonly found to be later wrongful and due to eyewitness misidentification (Scheck Neufeld, 2001). Hence, there has been increasing research by psychologists in eyewitness memory and particularly in line up practices. In criminal identific ation, a simultaneous line up (SIM) is typically used and involves presenting the witness with all line-up suspects at once with the offender (target) placed amongst otherRead MoreJustice Systems And The Justice System Of Other Nations1732 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen and will be discussed concerning our justice system and the justice system of other nations. Contrarily there are varying types of courts all throughout these other nations as well. Similarly, all nations have criminal sanctions, sentencing practices, and types of punishment, death penalties, and imprisonments. The question I present is what about all those who have been unlawfully convicted, sentenced and then later on exonerated centered upon DNA or whatsoever evidence available? What aboutRead MoreEffectiveness of the Criminal Trial Process as a Means of Achieving Justice977 Words   |  4 PagesThe effectiveness of the criminal trial process as a means of achieving justice The criminal trial process aims to provide justice for all those involved, while it succeeds in the majority of cases, it effectiveness is influenced and reduced by certain factors. These include the legal representation involved in a case and the availability of legal aid, the capacity of the jury assessing the trial, the credibility of scientific evidence and the impact of social media on the trial process. Due toRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Evnaluatio1253 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation 1 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation December 10, 2012 CJA/394 Troy Hokanson Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation 2 Introduction The criminal justice system is very important to American society. The reason for laws are to defend society from harm, makeRead MoreDna Evidence And The Justice System1224 Words   |  5 Pagesin many criminal cases in DNA evidence. Since the 1980s, DNA analysis has continued to make steady progress as an adjunct to police investigations. DNA can be collected from blood, hair, skin cells, and other bodily substances. Similar to fingerprints, each individual has a unique DNA profile, but unlike that of fingerprints, only a miniscule amount of genetic material is needed to identify or eliminate suspects. However, the reliability and accuracy of the use of DNA evidence in criminal trials inRead MoreForensic Databases Have Grown With Our Advancements In869 Words   |  4 Pagesenforcement uses a forensic DNA database that uses a method called, familial matching. Familial DNA searching looks for partial matches that can not only match the suspect’s DNA, but the suspect’s family line. This is unlike the typical DNA database that law enforcement has used for years. For that DNA database makes an exact match between the suspect of the crime and his or her DNA sample. Familial DNA searches have been found to be beneficial to Police and Criminal Investigators, and Crime AnalysistsRead MoreWrongfully Convicted And The Criminal Justice System890 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent crimes that has taken place. In today’s society, we depend upon the justice system. Criminal Justice is a big deal. The Criminal Justice system was put in place by the agencies and established by the governments to help control the crimes and apply penalties to those that violate the law. Many people feel that the criminal justice system is there to protect and serve while others feel that the criminal justice system fails them daily. Over 30 years ago Alan Newton was convicted of a crimeRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System963 Words   |  4 Pagesdepend highly upon the justice system. Criminal Justice is a major concern. Criminal Justice consists of three areas: our police, courts and corrections department. The Criminal Justice system was put in place by these agencies, and established by the governments to help control the crimes and applies penalties to those that violate the law. Many people feel that the criminal justice system is there to protect and serve while others feel that the criminal justice system fails them daily. OverRead MoreTechnology And The Field Of Criminal Justice Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesfield of criminal justice has not been an exception to this technological advances. These advances in technology has taken the criminal justice field a long way from riding a horse bareback to driving armored cars. These advances along with many others have almost completely changed how things are handled in all aspects of the law. Technology is the persistent application of information in the design, production and use of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities. Criminal Justice

Essay about Domestic Violence Against Women in Pakistan

The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993) defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. (UN General Assembly 1993). It is violence in private life that comprises domestic violence against women. Also called Intimate Partner Abuse and Family Violence, it is a global issue that cuts across all geographic, social, cultural and ethnic boundaries. But it was only in the last decade of the 20th century that it received recognition as a serious public†¦show more content†¦The life expectancy at birth for the population is 66 years, infant mortality is 62 per 1000 live births and the maternal mortality is 260 deaths per 100,000 live births ( UNDP 2011). In addition to the globally prevalent forms of domestic violence , women in Pakistan also suffer from forms of violence carried out in the name of tradition, culture and religion. Honour killing is an old tradition which involves a male member of the family killing a female relative if she is suspected of tarnishing the family’s honour. In most cases the executor is the husband, the father or a brother( Minallah and Durrani, 2009). Stove burning is a form of dowry killing prevalent in the province of Punjab, mostly in the urban areas. Married women are burned by the husband or his family as a punishment for not providing a rich dowry, not producing a son, not allowing the husband another wife or as a result of long running disputes. Acid throwing, particularly on the face, may be committed to avenge refusal of sexual advances and alleged disloyalty by a wife or female partner. It is done to punish the wife for bringing dishonor to the husband. Marriage( Nikaah) to Koran( The holy Book of Muslims) is an old custom where a girl is forced into celibacy to keep the family wealth intact. It is more prevalent in the Sindh province among the wealthy feudal lords ( waderas).Show MoreRelatedDomestic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization defines violence as: â€Å"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation†. WHO has declared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-based violence, public healthRead MoreForms Of Violence Against Women1210 Words   |  5 Pages Forms of Violence Against Women Introduction In Pakistan, women live in a confined world that is structured by family, tribal, and religious customs. As such, women are subjected to not only violence but also discrimination on a daily basis. This has been brought about by the interpretation of Islam, the main religion in the country, which views women as persons needing maximum protection. This consequently leads to their oppression emotionally, physically, and mentally. They face various formsRead MoreLaws Against Domestic Violence in Pakistan are Insufficient to Protect Victims of Abuse796 Words   |  4 PagesPakistan is a developing country that recently (roughly fifty years ago) developed its democratic systems. The current legislature has limited power and competes with parallel systems of court. Pakistan’s unique socio-cultural frameworks need to be understood in order to ensure that liberty and justice are available to all members of society. It is in this respect that it is important to evaluate the current sys tem of laws protecting the rights of the subjugated in a patriarchal society, thereforeRead MoreDomestic Violence on Women in Society1730 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence on Women and girls in Society Tabinda Asghar Dow Institute of Nursing Abstract Violence alongside women and girls is a sign of previously uneven authority relations among men and women, which have led to command over and unfairness against women by men and to the avoidance of the full progression of women. These types of terrible actions against women and girls continues to be a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and wound- physically, psychologically, sexually and economicallyRead Morewomen in pakistan750 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿WOMEN IN PAKISTAN Outline 1. introduction Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 with thesis statement leading to the conclusion. 2. Hurdles in the way of women empowerment in Pakistan a. Unlawful customs b. Feudalism c. Crimes against women d. Domestic violence e. Outdated and perennial culture f. Forced and early marriages g. Misinterpretation of religion h. Lack of policies implementation i. Hurdles in getting into politics j. Insecurity at work place k. Denied basic education l. Poverty mRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay2203 Words   |  9 Pagesof Violence against Women (1993) defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. (UN General Assembly 1993). It is violence in private life that comprises domestic violence against women. Also called Intimate Partner Abuse and Family Violence, itRead MoreWomen s Role And Status Of Women1180 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in Pakistan Women in Pakistan are more likely to face system subordination, where patriarchal values are embedded in local traditions and culture. Due to the interconnection of gender with other forms of exclusion in the society, the role and status of women cannot be considered homogenous. There is a great deal of diversity in the status of women across regions, classes, the rural/urban divide caused by the lack of socio-economic development and the impact of feudal, tribal, and capitalistRead MoreWomen s Rights And Empowerment1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Name of Honor She was a young girl with a powerful voice. Her story is one of bravery and defiance. With the help of her father, she became an important activist for the free education of women not only in Pakistan, but throughout the world. As many people encouraged her movement, she became nominated for several renowned peace prizes, and also became a target for the Taliban. One day on the way home from school she was cornered on a bus and shot in the head by a Taliban member. Yet her lifeRead MoreJanice Cornwell. Pyyc-400 Adult Relationship. Instructor:Dr.1197 Words   |  5 PagesJanice Cornwell PYYC-400 Adult Relationship Instructor: Dr. Debra Yoder April 4, 2017 Intervention by Faith Communities Violence against Women The total number of the different religious communities in the United States may never be complete. A large number of us live within some type of religious belief system. The First Amendment of the Constitution makes clear what Congress cannot do related to religious organizations. It allows us a freedom of exercise that some countries are stillRead MoreThe Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is a comprehensive international treaty, created to advocate for the rights of women s. It is a highly ratified treaty since one hundred and eighty-six of the UN’s 193 members have agreed to apply its principles to their nation states and to protect and fulfil its terms and conditions (Wakefield 2010, p.22). The aim of the essay is to demonstrate the strengths of CEDAW in promoting gender equality, whilst simultaneously

My Last Duchess and Othello, IV, iii Free Essays

In the dramatic form, be it monologue, dialogue or full theatrical scene, the author cannot step into the action to comment or interpret for us, as he can in a novel.   We must draw our own conclusions from what we see and hear, and this makes for powerful effects, as a character reveals him- or herself to us by what he or she says or does.   In the monologue My Last Duchess Browning misleads us with great skill before we realize that we are listening to a criminal lunatic. We will write a custom essay sample on My Last Duchess and Othello, IV, iii or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dramatic force lies in the surprise we feel as the truth finally emerges.   In Act IV, scene iii of Othello there is again an agonizing irony for the viewer, who knows more than Desdemona and is of course impotent to help her.   Shakespeare works like a dentist without an anaesthetic, and the pain for the audience derives from the unbearable innocence of the doomed Desdemona, who is surely something like the Duchess in Browning’s poem, helpless and bewildered in the face of a murderous insanity in her husband. Browning’s Duke sounds so sane!   He is wonderfully gracious and articulate – â€Å"Will’t please you sit and look at her?† (5).   As he tells his story he seems to weigh his words with great caution, as if he is quite free of the distorting power of anger or any other passion, and is keen to avoid any unfairness in his judgment: â€Å"She had / A heart – how shall I say? – too soon made glad† (21-2), â€Å"†¦but thanked / Somehow – I know not how – as if she ranked†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (31-2). He never raises his voice, and speaks with a measured confidence that quite takes us in. At first we might be tempted to believe that his attitudes are reasonable: â€Å"Sir, ‘twas not / her husband’s presence only, called that spot / Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek† (13-15).   His manner is restrained even as he hints at her infidelity.   The painter flattered her about her appearance, as of course he would, being a Renaissance artist totally dependent on patronage, but she was charmed by it – foolishly, the Duke suggests. â€Å"She liked whate’er / She looked on† (23-24).   She was delighted by the beauty of the sunset, and the little tribute from the man who gave her the cherries, just as much as â€Å"My favour at her breast† (25).   What he seems to be objecting to is her failure to be properly selective and aristocratic in her tastes.   This is a rather extreme sort of snobbery, but perhaps not unprecedented; we may not find it attractive, but we may accept it as a feature of a proud man with a â€Å"nine-hundred-years-old name† (33). All the time, Browning is luring us up the garden path.   We begin to detect the problem.   The Duke is immensely proud, a man of great heritage, while she is free of snobbery, charmed by the delights of the world and human kindness, and genuinely innocent. (Infidelity does not now seem to be the Duke’s concern.)   Then we begin to see how his pride is really pathological arrogance. â€Å"Even had you skill / In speech – (which I have not)† (35-36), (he lies, of course) to explain your objection to her behavior – which is clearly quite â€Å"normal† – it would involve â€Å"stooping, and I choose / Never to stoop† (42-3).   So, rather than speak to her about his dissatisfaction, which would involve impossible condescension by him, he chose to solve the problem rather more radically: â€Å"This grew; I gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together† (45-6). It takes a moment for us to register what he did, so unbelievable is it and so evasively phrased.   Then, having confessed to murder, or, rather, boasted of it, he continues his negotiations for his next Duchess, celebrating, incidentally, one of his favorite art works, â€Å"Neptune†¦ Taming a sea-horse† (54-5), the very image of the brutal control that he has himself exerted over his innocent last Duchess. The willow scene from Othello works differently, of course, because it is a dialogue, though it is the inner workings of Desdemona’s mind that the dramatic form reveals here, just as much as is the case in Browning’s poem There is an almost intolerable pathos about this scene because Desdemona is so helpless.   She has a good idea of what is going to happen – â€Å"If I do die before thee, prithee shroud me /   In one of those same sheets† (24-5) and is impotent in the face of her fate. There seems to be no defence against the ruthless execution of Othello’s enraged will. She is in a sort of trance, a hypnosis of shock.   All she can do is wait for the end, and the pathetic simplicity of her reflections here is the sign of a wounded spirit in retreat from reality.   The tragic atmosphere is given additional poignancy by the occasional interruption of the everyday details of â€Å"undressing for bed†, the habitual continuing because there is nothing else to do in the face of the worst – â€Å"Prithee unpin me† (21). She continues at moments to pretend that this is just an ordinary night: â€Å"This Lodovico is a proper man† (35), not a comparison of Othello with her country forms, but a pathetic attempt at gossip. But her real thoughts emerge in the obsession with the willow song, which she cannot resist. It is the perfect mirror of her own fortune: â€Å"And she died singing it; that song tonight / Will not go from my mind† (30-1). Like a detail from a psychoanalyst’s casebook comes the unprompted line in the song that gives away the deepest thoughts of the willing victim. –Let nobody blame him, his scorn I approve, — Nay, that’s not next.   Hark!   Who’s that knocks? –It is the wind.† (51-3) She corrects herself, but the absolute terror of realisation goes through her. The heroic innocence of Desdemona is highlighted by her conversation with Emilia. While Desdemona genuinely believes that no woman could in fact commit adultery â€Å"for all the world† (63), and swears that she herself would not do it â€Å"by this heavenly light† (64), Emilia responds, â€Å"Nor I neither, by this heavenly light, / I might do it as well in the dark† (65-6), and goes on to consider just what â€Å"all the world† might mean as a reward for the sin. Emilia is not immoral. It is just that Desdemona is on a superhuman and heroic level of behavior, and Emilia is on the normal level.   Compared with Desdemona’s helplessness in the face of the corruption of Othello, Emilia’s jokes have an immensely remedial health.   It is not a criticism of Desdemona, but it is a firm placing of trust in the human by Shakespeare. We can imagine that what Desdemona feels and says is very close to the response of Browning’s Duchess.   Both of them are innocent and benevolent women faced by deranged men.   The creation of character and the realization of human dilemma in the dramatic form are forceful and, in these two cases, immensely painful for the audience or reader.   The form makes the reader peculiarly impotent in the face of disaster. We would like to stand up in the theatre and shout at the stage, like the lady in the famous story, â€Å"You great black fool, can’t you see she’s innocent?†       How to cite My Last Duchess and Othello, IV, iii, Essay examples

Cross Selling in Banking Essay Example For Students

Cross Selling in Banking Essay CROSS SELLING Cross-selling stands for being able to offer to the existing bank customers, some additional banking products, with a view to expand banking business, reduce the per customer cost of operations and provide more satisfaction and value to the customer. For instance, when a bank is in a position to sell to a deposit customer (say saving bank or term deposit), a loan product such as housing loan, credit card, personal loan or vice-versa, this would result into additional business and lead to low per customer cost and higher per customer earning. Revived focus : In the present day context, the cross selling has come into focus, as some of the new private banks (ICICI Bank) have been able to offer to their customer a variety of products and thus generate more business through cross selling. But for most of the public sector banks, in particular, the concept in its new form, is still at its evolutionary stage. Scope of cross selling : The crossing selling may take place on the liability side (i. e. different kinds of deposit accounts) or on the asset side (i. . loans for different requirements) or between the two. It could be either at the initiative of the customers or a bank can implement it as a well prepared strategy. Benefits from cross selling : The major benefit is in terms of cost reduction as for a bank, the cost of contracting a new customer is much higher than to serve an existing customer (may be up to 3-4 times). Further, through cross selling the benefits of economies are available to the bank, which reduce the co st further and increase the profits. Another additional advantage is that the cross selling helps in building brand value if the loyalty of the customer could be ensured for the brand, as in that case the likelihood of shifting the business dealings to another organisation/bank by the customer, is much less. Strategies for cross selling: The existing client base of the banks could be used by them for the purpose of cross selling after carefully charting the profile of the customers. For this purpose, the banks can undertake studies for various products and various geographical areas to understand the potential available for cross selling. The banks may undertake some of the following steps: †¢ Collection of data and preparation of data base of the customers, because the entire exercise of cross selling is based on such data base of the customers. †¢ Identification of customers and products that could be offered and then charting the strategy to offer he products. †¢ Imparting proper training to the staff to create team spirit and sharing with them the strategy for undertaking cross selling. †¢ Selecting target customers and narrowing down the product range, or even development of new products if necessary, to meet the specific needs of the group. †¢ Effective delivery. The bankers have to remember that Cross-selling is not a transaction based activity, it is primarily, a relationship building exercise.